1801-1848 Thomas Cole Galleries Thomas Cole (February 1, 1801 - February 11, 1848) was a 19th century American artist. He is regarded as the founder of the Hudson River School, an American art movement that flourished in the mid-19th century. Cole's Hudson River School, as well as his own work, was known for its realistic and detailed portrayal of American landscape and wilderness, which feature themes of romanticism and naturalism. In New York he sold three paintings to George W. Bruen, who financed a summer trip to the Hudson Valley where he visited the Catskill Mountain House and painted the ruins of Fort Putnam. Returning to New York he displayed three landscapes in the window of a bookstore; according to the New York Evening Post, this garnered Cole the attention of John Trumbull, Asher B. Durand, and William Dunlap. Among the paintings was a landscape called "View of Fort Ticonderoga from Gelyna". Trumbull was especially impressed with the work of the young artist and sought him out, bought one of his paintings, and put him into contact with a number of his wealthy friends including Robert Gilmor of Baltimore and Daniel Wadsworth of Hartford, who became important patrons of the artist. Cole was primarily a painter of landscapes, but he also painted allegorical works. The most famous of these are the five-part series, The Course of Empire, now in the collection of the New York Historical Society and the four-part The Voyage of Life. There are two versions of the latter, one at the National Gallery in Washington, D.C., the other at the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute in Utica, New York. Cole influenced his artistic peers, especially Asher B. Durand and Frederic Edwin Church, who studied with Cole from 1844 to 1846. Cole spent the years 1829 to 1832 and 1841-1842 abroad, mainly in England and Italy; in Florence he lived with the sculptor Horatio Greenough.  Related Paintings of Thomas Cole :. | Course of Empire Destruction | View Across | Catskill Landscape | View from Mount Holyoke,Northampton,MA.after a Thunderstorm | The Giant-s Chalice |
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hedvig eleonoras
Hedvig Eleonora av Holstein-Gottorp, född 23 oktober 1636, död 24 november 1715, var svensk drottning och riksföreståndare, dotter till Fredrik III av Holstein-Gottorp och Marie Elisabeth av Sachsen och gift i november 1654 med Karl X Gustav. Hon var med honom i Polen 1656 och i Danmark 1658. Hon var Sveriges drottning i sex år, men de facto "första dam" till sin död 1715, i femtiofem års tid. Hon blev änka 1660 och levde som änkedrottning i ytterligare 55 år. Kung Karl II av England friade till henne något år efter makens död, men hon tackade nej, med den formella motiveringen att hon önskade vara sin döde make evigt trogen. Hon satt i förmyndarregeringarna för både sin son Karl XI och sin sonson Karl XII, 1660-1672 samt 1697, och sedan i rådet 1700-1713, men hade i verkligheten aldrig så mycket att göra med politik, utan var nöjd med att formellt presidera över regeringen och hovet som monarkins symboliska överhuvud och representant. Hon stödde dock den profranska och antidanska policy som fördes av regenterna. Hennes son var djupt beroende av henne i hela sitt liv; då han blev gammal nog att sitta med vid regeringens sammanträden, talade han inte direkt till ledamöterna, han viskade i stället vad han ville veta till riksänkedrottningen, och Hedvig Eleonora frågade sedan regeringen med hög röst vad han ville veta. Då sorgeperioden formellt bröts år 1663 var hon värdinna för omfattande festligheter, och det var i hennes namn Sveriges första fasta teater öppnades i Stora Bollhuset och Lejonkulan 1667. Hedvig Eleonora, "Riksänkedrottningen", hade en dominant och temperamentsfull personlighet och dominerade det svenska hovet totalt fram till sin död. Även efter sin sons giftermål 1680 och fram till sin död 1715 var hon den verkliga drottningen och behöll sin position som "första dam"; sonen kallade henne "drottningen" och sin fru för "min fru". Under stora nordiska kriget var hon 1700-13 representant för kungen, men intresserade sig inte heller nu mycket för politik- vid audienser för utländska sändebud kunde antingen "moltiga" eller gapskratta åt dem. Hon intresserade sig för kortspel och arkitektur. Hon kunde spela kort till inpå småtimmarna. Drottningholms slott samt Strömsholms slott påbörjades av henne. Vid båda slotten lät hon anlägga stora parker i tidens stil.
R. v. Bohnlich
R v Bohnlich (fl.c.1880) 19th Century Paintings and Watercolours
August Macke
1887-1914 August Macke Locations August Macke was born in Meschede, Germany. His father, August Friedrich Hermann Macke (1845-1904), was a building contractor and his mother, Maria Florentine, n??e Adolph, (1848-1922), came from a farming family in Germany's Sauerland region. The family lived at Br??sseler Straße until August was 13. He then lived most of his creative life in Bonn, with the exception of a few periods spent at Lake Thun in Switzerland and various trips to Paris, Italy, Holland and Tunisia. In Paris, where he traveled for the first time in 1907, Macke saw the work of the Impressionists, and shortly after he went to Berlin and spent a few months in Lovis Corinth's studio. His style was formed within the mode of French Impressionism and Post-impressionism and later went through a Fauve period. In 1909 he married Elizabeth Gerhardt. In 1910, through his friendship with Franz Marc, Macke met Kandinsky and for a while shared the non-objective aesthetic and the mystical and symbolic interests of Der Blaue Reiter. Macke's meeting with Robert Delaunay in Paris in 1912 was to be a sort of revelation for him. Delaunay's chromatic Cubism, which Apollinaire had called Orphism, influenced Macke's art from that point onwards. His Shops Windows can be considered a personal interpretation of Delaunay's Windows, combined with the simultaneity of images found in Italian Futurism. The exotic atmosphere of Tunisia, where Macke traveled in 1914 with Paul Klee and Louis Moilliet was fundamental for the creation of the luminist approach of his final period, during which he produced a series of works now considered masterpieces. August Macke's oeuvre can be considered as Expressionism, (the movement that flourished in Germany between 1905 and 1925) and also his work was part of Fauvism. The paintings concentrate primarily on expressing emotion, his style of work represents feelings and moods rather than reproducing objective reality, usually distorting colour and form. Macke's career was cut short by his early death at the front in Champagne in September 1914, the second month of World War I. His final painting, Farewell, depicts the mood of gloom that settled after the outbreak of war.